What Is an Extinction Burst?

Picture a child who throws tantrums to get candy at the store. If parents suddenly stop giving in, the tantrums might get louder and wilder before they stop. This is an extinction burst, a common phenomenon in behavior therapy. When a behavior that once worked to get a reward no longer does, the person or animal may ramp up that behavior, trying harder to make it work again. It is like a final push before the behavior fades away.

Why Do Extinction Bursts Happen?

Extinction bursts occur because the brain is wired to chase rewards. When a behavior, like whining for attention, stops getting results, the individual doubles down, hoping to regain the reward. Think of it as a vending machine that stops working. You might push the button harder or try multiple times before giving up. This surge is a natural response to the loss of something that used to work, whether it is attention, food, or another payoff.

Recognizing Extinction Bursts in Real Life

In therapy or parenting, extinction bursts can feel overwhelming. A child used to getting their way by crying might scream louder when ignored. A dog that barks for treats may bark more frantically when the treats stop coming. These moments test patience, but they are a sign the behavior is losing its grip. Staying consistent is key, as giving in during the burst can reinforce the behavior, making it harder to change.

How to Handle an Extinction Burst

Navigating an extinction burst takes calm and consistency. First, stay firm in not rewarding the unwanted behavior. If a child tantrums for a toy, do not give in, even when the tantrum escalates. Second, offer alternative behaviors to replace the old one, like teaching the child to ask politely. Finally, brace yourself for the storm. Knowing an extinction burst is temporary can help you stay patient. With time, the behavior usually fades as the person learns the old tactic no longer works.

Why It Matters

Understanding extinction bursts helps parents, teachers, and therapists stay the course when behaviors seem to worsen. It is a sign progress is near, not a step backward. By holding steady and guiding new behaviors, you pave the way for lasting change. Patience and persistence make all the difference.